Application of Laser Welding Machine in The Automotive Industry

Laser welding belongs to the melting welding, with the laser beam as the energy source, impact on the weldment joint. Laser welding is a non-contact welding, the process does not need to be pressurized, but the need to use inert gas to prevent oxidation of the molten pool, filler metals are occasionally used. Laser welding can carry out precise energy control, and thus can realize the welding of precision micro-devices, and it can be applied to a lot of metals, especially to solve some of the difficult to weld metal and dissimilar metal welding.
Due to the laser welding speed, easy to realize remote control and automated production, so it is more used in automobile manufacturing and new energy battery production and other high degree of automation in the industry, with the development of new energy automobile market in recent years, but also led to the market demand for laser welding equipment. Data show that during 2013-2019 the market size of China's laser welding equipment rose from 1.56 billion yuan to 10.13 billion yuan. The main application processes in the automotive industry mainly include laser splicing welding of unequal thick plates, laser group welding of body assemblies and sub-assemblies, and laser welding of automotive parts. And in the field of power battery explosion-proof valve sealing welding, pole ear welding, flexible connection welding, safety cap spot welding, battery shell sealing welding, module and PACK welding and other processes, are laser welding as the best process. Laser welding technology in the automobile body application, can do to reduce the weight of the body to achieve the purpose of saving fuel; laser welding technology of solidity and lightweight, can improve the degree of integration of the body; laser welding technology of high precision and high efficiency characteristics, can be in the production of high efficiency at the same time to ensure its safety and stability. When the car is traveling due to the bumps on the ground extrusion, each part and structure are bearing different degrees of impact, which requires the car's overall structural precision strength to be very high. The use of laser welding technology, its dynamic and static stiffness than other welding processes can be more than 50% increase, reducing the driving process of noise and vibration, improve the comfort of the ride, but also enhance the safety performance of the car.
1. Body welding
Laser welding in the automotive industry is used in a large number of body stamping parts assembly and connection. The main applications include roof laser welding, trunk lid laser welding and frame laser welding; another more important body laser welding applications, is the body structure parts (including doors, body side frame and column, etc.) of the laser welding. The reason for the use of laser welding is to improve the strength of the body, and can solve some parts are difficult to implement conventional resistance spot welding problems. Laser self-melting welding, that is, the welding of two or more parts of their own melting to form a whole, without the addition of wire and other auxiliary materials, more than one part of the welded self-melting into a whole. Laser self-melting welding in the automobile body manufacturing is mainly divided into two major parts, body group welding and welding. Body group welding: body group welding mainly has a roof and side columns, rear fenders, body brackets and door welding, with the demand for product replacement, laser welding is more and more widely used in the field of automotive, group welding has been accepted by the majority of manufacturers, at present, only Volvo is still insisting on the use of laser self-melting welding; side enclosure Ford SUV and sedan respectively, there is a use of laser self-melting welding, Volkswagen, many models are also in the use of. side panels.
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2. Unequal thickness laser welded panels
The use of unequal thickness laser welded plates in car body manufacturing can reduce the weight of the body, reduce the number of parts, improve safety and reliability and reduce production costs; welded plates are welded from steel with different strengths, thicknesses and coatings, and laser welding is widely used for its speed, high precision and small weld seams, and most of the current automobile welded plates are made of laser welding. Compared with the old body of pure steel plate, welding plate has three advantages, light weight body, using the welding method to make the plate thinner, so as to reduce the weight of the body; high overall strength, the body through the welded plate composition, the strength of the body even more than the parent material body, increasing the safety of the car body; the cost is relatively low, the welding strength, accuracy is higher than the traditional materials, reducing the use of parts at the same time to ensure the performance. The use of laser welding plate applied to the body manufacturing, can reduce the number of parts, molds and welding fixtures, reduce the weight and cost of the body, and improve the competitiveness of the product market. The main application of weld plate in automobile body, mainly used in the cover parts, but also used in some structural parts.
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The weld seams of weld plate in automobile are mainly divided into the following three types: single straight line weld seam; plural straight line weld seam; non-straight line weld seam. Among them, the single straight seam type is the most used and the production process is relatively simple. Non-linear weld is the most complex, generally according to the shape of the stamped part after molding design weld, so as to improve the strength of the product and stamping performance. Since automotive weld plates are subsequently stamped and molded, the molding quality and defect control requirements for weld plates are particularly stringent. Mainly includes the appearance (scars, cracks, inclusions, holes and scratches, etc.), weld molding (weld width, weld lump protrusion, effective depth of the weld, the backside of the fracture and weld misalignment, etc.) and mechanical properties, such as (tensile, cupping, hardness and bending of the weld and other tests) requirements. For example, the requirements in the tensile properties of the test in the non-welded area fracture, cupping test in the cracked area can not be in the weld or cupping value is greater than the specified value.
3. Welding of gears and transmission components
In addition, a variety of transmission parts can be completed in this equipment welding process, especially in the car gearbox in the differential case and drive shafts, etc., is often a single part production is completed and then joined with each other and welded into.