With the rapid development of automobile lightweight, personalization and electrification, laser processing is widely used by major automobile manufacturers and upstream parts suppliers. Due to the continuous enrichment of laser process and automation integration, the automotive industry has become one of the fields with the most applications of laser processing. Europe and the United States and other industrially developed regions, 50% -70% of the automotive parts manufactured using laser processing technology. China's automobile industry is huge, the industry chain is complete, laser technology market demand is huge. This paper will focus on the application of 3D dynamic focusing technology in the automotive industry.
The laser marking of oversized shaped complex workpieces:
Marking in the automotive industry on a wide range of applications, from the body frame, wheels and tires, seats in the control, steering wheel dashboard, internal and external ornaments, etc., all have the figure of laser marking. Laser marking can realize the whole car and parts of the traceability and interior and exterior parts of personalized pattern engraving, rich automotive industrial design and other roles.
Early 2D galvanometer plus field mirror laser equipment, processing range to small surface planar mainly, such as buttons, instrument panels and other small icons marking. 3D laser process is through the use of laser and 3D dynamic focusing technology, three-dimensional large surface surface of the workpiece surface instantly adjust the focus of the laser spot, to achieve the entire complex components of a one-time complete etching, reducing the splicing in order to achieve higher processing efficiency, but also to make the equipment structure is simpler, integrated and convenient. Simple, convenient integration.
Large format laser cutting:
In automotive manufacturing, leather, fabrics, plastics and other materials a large number of 3D laser cutting process, such as automotive seat cushion fabrics, airbag cloth, injection molded parts, such as the cutting of water mouth, etc. 3D large-format die-cutting technology has processing flexibility and high efficiency features, compared with the traditional mechanical film cutting, has the following characteristics:
- 3D laser cutting in the face of a variety of film cutting needs, without the use of cutting molds for die-cutting processing, cutting graphics can be changed at will within the laser software. Therefore, it greatly improves the utilization rate of materials and reduces the cost and time of manufacturing cutting molds.
- High processing efficiency. Scanning scanning cutting, scanning speed, good dynamic performance, in the assembly line of high-speed cutting system used in large quantities.
- Larger range and finer cutting. Equipped with dynamic focusing system 3D laser, using the front focusing mode, can realize a larger working range and surface processing, while smaller focusing spot, its energy density is higher, the cutting process thermal effect is smaller, the cutting edge burr and thermal melting phenomenon is smaller.
Automated large format shaped parts laser cleaning and burring
Laser cleaning and burring are both used to carry out surface treatment of the workpiece to provide suitable surface requirements for later processes.
Laser cleaning is mainly used to remove contaminants such as oil on the surface of the workpiece or paint layer, protective film. Such as wheel stripping surface paint removal: commonly used automotive aluminum alloy two-tone wheels need to go through the "pre-production processing" → "grinding" → "powder coating" → "spraying Color paint" → "grinding" → "spray varnish" and other processes, 3D laser cleaning mainly replaces the grinding process after painting to clean up the paint on the wheel hub's shaped surface. Traditional mechanical grinding (grinder, pneumatic grinding head), grinding head consumption, personnel working environment. Laser cleaning without consumables, no contact, grinding process without personnel, high efficiency.
The role of laser burring is to form a micro-pit on the surface of the workpiece, increase the roughness, for the later paint, glue or welding process to increase the adhesion, 3D laser burring is mainly processed shaped workpieces, no need for splicing, good consistency. For example, cover plate gluing position grossing application.
By loading the dynamic focusing system of the 3D laser, can be set in advance in the control software on the workpiece model to set the appropriate parameters, to achieve a one-time uniformly shaped curved workpiece cleaning or furring treatment, the entire process of high efficiency, good consistency, easy to realize automated production.
Laser scanning welding
Early in the automotive lamp welding applications, friction welding, hot plate welding is more common. With the host factory on the lamp welding effect requirements, as well as the lamp shape design tends to be diversified and complex. In a variety of welding technology effect comparison, plastic laser scanning welding to weld beautiful, flexible welding, strength and other characteristics of the lamp welding technology in the "potential stock". Therefore, laser scanning welding conforms to the trend of development, become one of the direction of the lamp welding process.
The appearance of the lamp diversification and complexity of the shape, which puts forward a greater challenge to the traditional 2D laser scanning welding. 3D dynamic focusing technology through the software into the lamp model, the use of dynamic focusing system to control the laser, can be a one-time non-contact scanning of the surface of the complex lamp welding processing. At the same time, the dynamic focusing system is able to carry out a larger surface without welding. Widely used in shaped complex shape, through the oversized taillights and other styles of car lights.
Laser relief, deep engraving
Laser relief process, commonly used in automotive manufacturing casting molds, such as cylinder blocks and wheels and other surfaces of the model, date of production and other information engraved in the mold engraved with a certain depth of text or bar code, casting in the casting surface to leave the corresponding content. Machine tool processing tiny text and graphics difficult, laser 3D relief easily meet the demand. Laser 3D relief process directly in the software import three-dimensional digital modeling, through the dynamic focusing system to control the laser subtractive processing, to achieve the relief font and chamfering and other effects. Laser processing accuracy and efficiency, no residual mechanical stress, can realize the smaller size of the micro-engraving, etc., in the field of precision processing continues to develop.
